02698nas a2200313   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002900055653002700084653001700111653002400128653002400152653001700176653001800193100002200211700001200233700002500245700001500270700001600285700002200301700002000323245014200343856004800485300001100533520181200544022001402356020001402370       2014                            d  c10/201410aAnamalai Hills landscape10aAnamalai Tiger Reserve10aconservation10aLion-tailed macaque10aNelliyampathy Hills10aParambikulam10aWestern Ghats1 aHonnavalli Kumara1 aR. Sasi1 aR. Suganthasakthivel1 aMewa Singh1 aH.S. Sushma1 aK.K. Ramachandran1 aWerner Kaumanns00aDistribution, Demography, and Conservation of Lion-tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) in the Anamalai Hills Landscape, Western Ghats, India  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-014-9776-2  a1 - 143 a<p>The status of the endemic and endangered lion-tailed macaque (<em class="a-plus-plus"><a class="reference-link webtrekk-track" href="http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=Macaca&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance">Macaca</a> silenus</em>) has not been properly assessed in several regions of the Western Ghats of southern India. We conducted a study in Parambikulam Forest Reserve in the state of Kerala to determine the distribution, demography, and status of lion-tailed macaques. We laid 5km<sup class="a-plus-plus">2</sup> grid cells on the map of the study area (644km<sup class="a-plus-plus">2</sup>) and made four replicated walks in each grid cell using GPS. We gathered data on lion-tailed macaque group locations, demography, and site covariates including trail length, duration of walk, proportion of evergreen forest, height of tallest trees, and human disturbance index. We also performed occupancy modeling using PRESENCE ver. 3.0. We estimated a minimum of 17 groups of macaques in these hills. Low detection and occupancy probabilities indicated a low density of lion-tailed macaques in the study area. Height of the tallest trees correlated positively whereas human disturbance and proportion of evergreen forest correlated negatively with occupancy in grid cells. We also used data from earlier studies carried out in the surrounding Anamalai Tiger Reserve and Nelliyampathy Hills to discuss the conservation status in the large Anamalai Hills Landscape. This landscape harbors an estimated population of 1108 individuals of lion-tailed macaques, which is about one third of the entire estimated wild population of this species. A conservation plan for this landscape could be used as a model for conservation in other regions of the Western Ghats.</p>  a0164-0291  a0164-0291