Categorizing Species by Niche Characteristics can Clarify Conservation Planning in Rapidly-Developing Landscapes

srini — Tue, 01 Mar 2016 09:40:32 +0000

Categorizing Species by Niche Characteristics can Clarify Conservation Planning in Rapidly-Developing Landscapes srini Tue, 03/01/2016 - 09:40

Publication Type

Journal Article

Year of Publication

2016

Authors

Aditya Gangadharan srini St.Clair_CC

Journal

Animal Conservation

Volume

Pagination

451-461

Date Published

Tue, 03/01/2016 - 12:00

ISBN Number

1469-1795

Abstract

In biodiversity-rich landscapes that are developing rapidly, it is generally impossible to delineate land use and prioritize conservation actions in relation to the full variability of species and their responses to anthropogenic activity. Consequently, conservation policy often focuses on protecting habitat used by a few flagship, indicator or umbrella species like tigers Panthera tigris and Asian elephants Elephas maximus, which potentially leaves out species that do not share these habitat preferences. We demonstrate an empirical approach that clustered 14 mammals into surrogate groups that reflect their unique conservation needs. We surveyed a 787 km2 multiple-use area in the Shencottah Gap of the Western Ghats, India, using foot surveys and camera-trap surveys. Using ecological niche factor analysis, we generated indices of species prevalence (marginality and tolerance) and habitat preferences (factor correlations to marginality axis). We then clustered species by both of the above index types to reveal four clusters based on prevalence and four clusters based on habitat preference. Most clusters contained at least one threatened species. Low-prevalence lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus and tigers were strongly associated with closed forests and low human disturbance. But elephants, sloth bears Melursus ursinus and gaur Bos gaurus were more tolerant of anthropogenic impact, and sloth bears and gaur preferred open forests and grasslands. Dhole Cuon alpinus and sambar Rusa unicolor were associated with highly anthropogenic habitat (farmland, cash crop and forestry plantations) with high human use. Thus, reliance on flagship species for conservation planning can both underestimate and overestimate the ability of other species to persist in multiple-use landscapes; protecting flagship species would only protect species with similar habitat preferences. For species that avoid human impacts more than the flagship species, core habitat must be protected from human disturbance. For more tolerant species, conservation in anthropogenic habitat may hinge on policies that bolster coexistence with humans.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12262

Short Title

Anim Conserv

Programme

Wildlife Biology and Conservation

Issue

Refereed Designation

None

Project

Bridging the Shencottah Gap: How Payments for Ecosystem Services Can Restore Biodiversity Outside Protected Areas in India Identifying critical areas for a landscape level wildlife corridor in the southern Western Ghats, India Baseline Surveys for designing and implementing payment for ecosystem services in Western Ghats Functional connectivity for large mammals in the southern western ghats

Keywords

biodiversity hotspot, connectivity, conservation planning, ecological niche factor analysis, flagship species, multiple-use landscape, Shencottah Gap, surrogate species